Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Cancer Cell Detection

Owing to their extraordinary chemical, electrical, mechanical, optical, and structural properties, graphene and its nanocomposites have been extensively used as core nanomaterials for designing wide ranges of biosensors for the investigation of cells and their surface chemistry. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of the investigation of surface chemistry as well as intracellular components in cells and their importance in the early detection of various severe diseases such as cancer. Next, we present the latest advances in designing electrochemical and optical biosensors based on graphene nanocomposites (with polymers, inorganic nanomaterials, biomacromolecules, etc.) for studying the surface biomarkers on cells, bioimaging of cells, as well as the behaviour of cells under different conditions. In these biosensors, we emphasise the role of graphene and surface functionalisation in designing various types of biosensors. In addition, we provide numerous examples from fundamental studies as well as innovative approaches for designing these biosensors. Finally, we outline the challenges and limitations in current approaches and present perspectives of the future of biosensors designed using graphene-based nanocomposites.