Рersonalized anticancer therapy in pediatric neuroblastoma: clinical aspects

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common malignant tumor in infants and the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Despite the advances in diagnostics, the median age at diagnosis is 14 months and 50–60 % of patients will have metastatic disease when diagnosed. The clinical course of neuroblastoma and the prognosis are extremely heterogeneous and are determined primarily by the molecular genetic features of the tumor, its localization, and the presence of metastatic lesions. Precise stratification on risk groups is a key aspect for treatment choice and the possibility to avoid the toxicity of anticancer treatment in groups with favorable prognosis and to use the most intensive multimodal treatment in high and ultra-high-risk groups. We present clinical cases of neuroblastoma in pediatric patients with demonstration of anamnesis features, diagnostic algorithms and appropriate standard of care.