Epigenetic Regulation in Almond

Rapid advances in sequencing technologies have enabled researchers to reconceptualize genomes as dynamic entities with functions beyond storage and organization of genetic information. Evidence of this dynamic nature includes the discovery of epigenetic mechanisms driving feedback loops between environmental stimuli and gene expression. These mechanisms are particularly complex in plant genomes where research has demonstrated epigenetic memory and maintenance, regulation, and even inheritance of genome modifications. These modifications do not alter the coded information stored in DNA but influence traits like phenology, plasticity, and fitness. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the framework of epigenetic regulation in plants and outline advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms influencing biological fitness and agricultural performance in almond.