Procedure‐based assessment implementation in colorectal surgery: a scoping review

Abstract Background Competency‐based training (CBT) programs use procedure‐based assessments (PBAs) to evaluate trainees' abilities to perform specific procedures in clinical settings, similar to Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). PBAs help determine trainees' readiness for advanced training levels. However, there is limited evidence on implementing colorectal‐specific PBAs in surgical training schemes. This review aims to identify observed and perceived challenges to implementing PBAs in workplace settings. Methods A scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute Protocol for Scoping Reviews (JBI‐ScR) was conducted. Eligible studies provided evidence on the implementation, feasibility, and challenges of PBAs in colorectal surgery, including various study designs from retrospective to prospective. Results Of the 80 screened studies, 75 were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Most of the included studies were conducted in national training institutions in the United Kingdom, assessing 778 colorectal procedures with specific PBAs. The main facilitators of implementing PBAs were structured assessments, focused assessors' training, and electronic forms usage. Conclusion This review offers insight into the practicality and feasibility of implementing PBAs in colorectal surgery. Identified challenges include the need for adequate assessor training and the time‐consuming nature of the assessment. These findings could improve PBA implementation in colorectal surgery and enhance surgical education quality. However, the limited number of studies and existing literature heterogeneity call for more research to identify other gaps.