Prognostic Factor Risk Groups for Clinical Stage I Seminoma: An Individual Patient Data Analysis by the European Association of Urology Testicular Cancer Guidelines Panel and Guidelines Office

A novel risk stratification model including primary testicular tumor size, rete testis, and lymphovascular invasion for clinical stage I seminoma testis is proposed. The model accurately identifies a very small subgroup of patients with a high probability of relapse, whereas almost all other patients were at a low or even very low risk of relapse following radical orchidectomy and are therefore cured by orchidectomy alone.