The impacts of material acoustic impedance and thickness on single laser-induced bubble dynamics and determining factors in resulting pressure

The objective of this paper is to experimentally identify the primary sources of pressure when a laser-induced cavitation bubble is collapsing to a wall with specific emphases on the material acoustic impedance and thickness. Both high-speed videos and local wall pressure measurements were performed for various standoff ratios gamma, bubble diameters, and wall materials. In the case of a rigid wall, in addition to the known high pressure for gamma < 0.6 where the bubble attaches and collapses on the wall (ring collapse), at gamma approximate to 1.12 where the jet is dominant, and low pressure obtained at gamma approximate to 0.913, where neither effect is significant, we further captured similar pressure profiles during the collapse after the first rebound at gamma approximate to 1.16 for the ring collapse, gamma approximate to 1.79 for the jet, and gamma approximate to 1.41 for the minimal, respectively. This indicates a strong jet is typically followed by a strong ring collapse. Generally, the pressure from the second collapse increases faster with the bubble size than that of the first collapse. For walls featuring smaller acoustic impedance or thickness, which cannot be approximated as rigid bodies or accessed by pressure sensor, our unique bubble edge analyzing tool shows that the ring collapse and jet effects are moved to smaller values of c. The maximum pressure exerted on the wall in these cases is smaller than that on the rigid wall. Finally, we summarized the asymptotic evolution curves of each edge which bound the bubble dynamics at different standoff ratios.