Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Small Intestine in a Patient from the Northern Fluminense Region of the Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Neuroendocrine tumors are a rare class of malignant epithelial neoplasms characterized by prominent neuroendocrine differentiation. Cells within these tumor types display a unique blend of neuronal and endocrine capacities, enabling them to secrete both hormones and neurotransmitters. The distribution of these tumors is most frequently observed in the stomach, colon, rectum, appendix, pancreas, and bronchopulmonary complex. The primary objective of this article is to present a case report of a patient diagnosed with an ileal neuroendocrine tumor that initially manifested as intestinal subocclusion. A 54-year-old Afro-Brazilian male presented clinical signs of intestinal subocclusion. Diagnostic imaging revealed bilateral pleural effusion, marked small bowel dilation, and a narrowed ileal loop, suggestive of mechanical obstruction. Surgical intervention included segmental enterectomy and ileal anastomosis, with pathological analysis indicating a neuroendocrine tumor with potential confirmation through immunohistochemistry. The patient is currently under oncology department care for ongoing monitoring. The present investigation delineates a quintessential case, emblematic of the prevailing diagnostic and therapeutic norms prevalent in the northern reaches of Rio de Janeiro. It meticulously elucidates the diverse determinants that underpin the diagnostic journey and therapeutic stratagem instrumental in the successful eradication of an ileal neuroendocrine tumor. The clinical strategies adopted in this endeavor concur with established European and North American guidelines governing the resection of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine.