Using catch orientations to identify clusters of North Carolina trout anglers

ObjectiveWe sought to (1) assess the validity of a catch orientation measure for mountain trout angling in North Carolina, (2) segment North Carolina trout anglers based on catch orientation, (3) explore associations between classified catch orientation clusters and other angler non-catch-specific characteristics, and (4) explore mountain trout angling classification preferences between classified catch orientation clusters.MethodsNorth Carolina trout anglers were the focus of our investigation and were surveyed with an online questionnaire. We validated a four-dimensional latent structure of catch orientation measures and clustered anglers based on catch orientation attitudes. We ran multiple between cluster comparative tests to explore unique characteristics of each cluster.ResultWe identified three trout angling clusters: non-catch-oriented anglers, trophy anglers, and consumptive anglers. Consumptive anglers were unique in their positive attitudes towards catching many fish and keeping fish, using natural bait and artificial lures, angling in streams with the least restrictive rules, and being motivated by social activity-general factors. Trophy anglers were unique in their positive attitudes towards catching trophy (large) fish and the activity-specific motive of fishing for sport. Also, they prefer to fish in streams that are stocked with trophy fish and have catch-and-release regulations for half of the year. Non-catch-oriented anglers scored lowest on most catch orientation metrics, were motivated by the activity-general motives of "nature," and preferred angling in the most abundant and dispersed network of streams.ConclusionOur study identified divergence in catch orientations directed at a particular sport fish family, implications for future applications of recreation specialization, and potential improvements in catch orientation measures. These profiles also provide managers with information to assist in meeting management plan goals, examining access issues, and engaging with the public. We highlight the importance of pragmatic and sport-fish-family-specific inquiries into angler diversity and discuss applied implications of these results. Recreational fisheries are comprised of a diverse group of anglers, and resource managers need to understand this diversity to sustain and improve angling opportunities. We identified three clusters of North Carolina trout anglers via their perspectives towards catch-related aspects of trout angling. Managers can use these clusters to inform managment actions and communication with the trout angling public.Impact statement