Microbial nanoproducts in “waste compost”: a “quality-check” for sustainable “solid-waste management”

Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are the most important and promising solutions towards a “zero-waste” and sustainable world. Microbes especially bacteria produce an array of the nanoparticles which have several beneficial activities. There are different origins of nanoparticles by which their characters and fate in the environment are controlled. Composting of solid wastes primarily depend the bacterial activities at different stages. In this chapter a brief overview is provided about the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, different organisms, their culture conditions, biosynthetic pathways and morphology of NPs; different ways of NPs synthesis (top-down and bottom-up); aerobic and anaerobic digestions for composting, and notably the application of NPs on solid waste composting.