Graphene oxides and derivatives for biomedical applications: drug delivery/gene delivery, bioimaging, and therapeutics

Graphene and its derivatives have unique optical, electronic, and mechanical properties due to which these materials have drawn the interest of researchers for a wide range of applications of graphene in multidisciplinary areas, such as bioengineering, energy, coatings, solar systems, etc. These days, several chemical properties of graphene and its derivatives are expanding their territory outside the chemical and electronic applications toward the biomedical field, for instance, biosensing, drug/gene delivery, biomedicine, therapeutics, etc. Optical imaging probes are playing a vital role in disease diagnosis, early stage cancer detection, cellular bio imaging, and other imaging applications. Due to biocompatibility and nontoxicity, graphene family is used for drug delivery and gene delivery in the biological world. In this chapter, we have summarized the modern advances of graphene and its derivatives in the area of biomedical applications such as drug delivery/gene delivery, bioimaging, and therapeutics.