Csig-12. glioma microenvironment: functions, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Abstract Abstract Gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors in adults. The high mortality and disability rates place a heavy burden on society and the families of patients. The median survival of patients who have primary grade 4 glioma at the World Health Organization is only 14.6 months. Unlike primary glioblastoma (WHO grade 4, pGBM) which usually occurs in older adults, secondary glioblastoma (WHO grade 4, sGBM) with isotrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations typically progresses from low to high grades within 5-10 years of diagnosis. Although surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have almost become the standard treatment for gliomas, the prognosis of patients is still poor. In recent years, the immune microenvironment has gradually become a possible direction for tumor treatment, and treatment methods such as PD1/PDL1 inhibitors and tumor vaccines have emerged. Owing to the microenvironment around the intracranial tumor cells and the body tumor being different, the microenvironment cells have their specific characteristics, and there is a blood-brain barrier, immunotherapy for the glioma microenvironment has encountered a bottleneck. Here, we summarize the current tumor-associated microenvironment and the interactions between tumor and immune cells and introduce the current status of glioma-specific microenvironment and immunotherapy for glioma. Finally, we mentioned several recent microenvironment-related research advances by our team and looked forward to future glioma microenvironmental research.