Reduced Anticancer Potency of Carboplatin in the Presence of Sialic Acid in SH-SY5Y Cells

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid childhood tumor with aggressive behavior and a high mortality rate. Multiple therapeutic approaches have been developed and applied to treat neuroblastoma, but resistance to therapies is inevitable, leading to treatment failure and cancer relapse. Therefore, perceiving the mechanisms of reduced drug sensitivity seems appropriate and promising in NB treatment to determine synergistic effects strategies like combination therapy. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the modulation effect of the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin (a chemotherapeutic agent) by co-administration of sialic acid (an alpha-keto acid sugar with a 9-carbon backbone located at the outermost end of N-linked and O-linked carbohydrate chains and in lipid-associated glycoconjugates showing aberrant expression in tumor cells caused tumor-genesis) in NB cells. Methods: In the present study, the effects of sialic acid, carboplatin, and Sia-Carbo (sialic acid in combination with carboplatin) were evaluated on viability and apoptosis using the determination of EC50 and IC50. Also, the capability of metastasis and apoptosis were assessed using real-time PCR. Moreover, the expression of MRP-1 encoded by ABCC1 (as a target for therapeutic suppression in high-risk neuroblastoma) was studied in different treatment groups. Conclusions: Regarding IC50 increasing carboplatin in the presence of sialic acid, the results showed that sialic acid treatment significantly modulated carboplatin's effect on cell apoptosis and induced ABCC1 expression. These findings show that sialic acid metabolic engineering can be a good approach to neuroblastoma therapy. It was suggested that targeting aberrant sialylation in combination with carboplatin exerts more profound apoptotic and anticancer effects on the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line than carboplatin monotherapy.