Preferences of bereaved family members on communication with physicians when discontinuing anticancer treatment: referring to the concept of nudges.

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to clarify the situation and evaluate the communication on anticancer treatment discontinuation from the viewpoint of a bereaved family, in reference to the concept of nudges. METHODS:A multi-center questionnaire survey was conducted involving 350 bereaved families of patients with cancer admitted to palliative care units in Japan. RESULTS:The following explanations were rated as essential or very useful: (i) treatment would be a physical burden to the patient (42.9%), (ii) providing anticancer treatment was impossible (40.5%), (iii) specific disadvantages of receiving treatment (40.5%), (iv) not receiving treatment would be better for the patient (39.9%) and (v) specific advantages of not receiving treatment (39.6%). The factors associated with a high need for improvement of the physician's explanation included lack of explanation on specific advantages of not receiving treatment (β = 0.228, P = 0.001), and lack of explanation of 'If the patient's condition improves, you may consider receiving the treatment again at that time.' (β = 0.189, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS:Explaining the disadvantages of receiving treatment and the advantages of not receiving treatment, and presenting treatment discontinuation as the default option were effective in helping patients' families in making the decision to discontinue treatment. In particular, explanation regarding specific advantages of not receiving treatment was considered useful, as they caused a lower need for improvement of the physicians' explanation.