An Empirical Study of the Influences of Gustiness on Vertical Mixing in Air-sea Boundary Layer

Abstract The exchange of momentum across the air-sea interface is a key driver of the earth system and its accurate parameterization is essential for precise weather and climate forecasting. However, our understanding of gustiness as an independent factor that can contribute to the momentum flux is still limited. Using data collected from the R/P FLIP, as part of the Couple Air-sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research (CASPER) experiment, we explored the mechanisms by which gustiness contributes to the total interfacial momentum flux. We investigate how gustiness affects both the temporal and spatial (vertical) variance of turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer. We identified that high gustiness was associated with strong anisotropic turbulence at each measurement height. This was found to increase vertical wind fluctuations and inject additional momentum across the air-sea interface at lower wind speeds. Increased gustiness was founded associated with the breakdown of the constant flux layer, which is generally assumed valid over the ocean. The study of gustiness presented in this paper has implications for both momentum flux parameterization and the use of similarity theory to model the flux-gradient relationship in the gusty atmospheric surface layer, thereby influencing the forecasting of climate and extreme weather events.