Neuroethics considerations for precision medicine and machine learning in neurodevelopmental disorders

Precision medicine approaches, including machine learning methodologies, are increasingly being applied to research involving individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which is beginning to impact clinical care for this patient population. However, there are multiple neuroethical issues that should be considered when applying precision medicine and machine learning methodologies to research and clinical work involving individuals with NDDs. This chapter will provide an overview of precision medicine and machine learning and, using examples from the literature, highlight key neuroethical issues that need to be considered when applying precision medicine and machine learning methodologies to research and clinical work involving individuals with NDDs. Neuroethical issues reviewed in this chapter include equitable access, fairness and bias, data privacy, transparency, and sociotechnical considerations.