Antenna and antenna array: A review paper

This paper is a review article on antenna and antenna array. The types of antennas discussed in this paper are linear, planar, frequency scanning, and microstrip patch antenna arrays. Along with these types of antennas, we also discuss various beamforming techniques, such as analog, digital, and hybrid beamforming techniques. We review several previously published studies on antenna and array designs related to beamforming, in which we discuss the methods adapted, findings obtained, types of materials used, and application areas intended for the designs. Beamforming techniques such as phase shifter selection, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, hybrid beamforming, hybrid beamforming with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and distributed antenna systems, and multiple input/multiple output systems are reviewed. Finally, a comparison table of the different types of antennas reviewed is presented.