Effects of Physical Therapy on Joint Pain, Joint Range of Motion, Joint Health, Strength, and Mobility in Patients With Hemophilia

Objective This study investigated the effects of physical therapy, including exercise, manual therapy, and physical agent modality, on joints, muscle strength, and mobility of patients with hemophilia. Methods PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to September 10, 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing pain, range of motion, and health of joints, as well as muscle strength and mobility (timed up and go test) between physical therapy and control groups were included. Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials with 595 male patients with hemophilia were included. In comparisons between physical therapy and control groups, physical therapy significantly reduced joint pain (standardized mean difference = −0.87; 95% confidence interval, −1.14 to −0.60), increased joint range of motion (standardized mean difference = 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.14–0.35), enhanced joint health (standardized mean difference = −1.08; 95% confidence interval, −1.38 to −0.78), improved muscle strength (standardized mean difference = 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.69), and timed up and go test performance (standardized mean difference = −1.25; 95% confidence interval, −1.89 to −0.60). The comparisons demonstrate moderate to high evidentiary quality grades. Conclusions Physical therapy is effective in reducing pain, increasing joint range of motion, enhancing joint health, as well as improving muscle strength and mobility in patients with hemophilia. To Claim CME Credits Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME CME Objectives Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Recognize the overall effectiveness of physical therapy for patients with hemophilia; (2) Determine how therapeutic exercise can help improve various outcomes of major joints in these patients; and (3) Appraise that physical therapy is safe and can be implemented in clinical practice for these patients. Level Advanced Accreditation The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.