Frontiers of collaborative intelligence systems

The development of information technology has propelled technological reform in artificial intelligence (AI). To address the needs of diversified and complex applications, AI has been increasingly trending towards intelligent, collaborative, and systematized development across different levels and tasks. Research on intelligent, collaborative and systematized AI can be divided into three levels: micro, meso, and macro. Firstly, the micro-level collaboration is illustrated through the introduction of swarm intelligence collaborative methods related to individuals collaboration and decision variables collaboration. Secondly, the meso-level collaboration is discussed in terms of multi-task collaboration and multi-party collaboration. Thirdly, the macro-level collaboration is primarily in the context of intelligent collaborative systems, such as terrestrial-satellite collaboration, space-air-ground collaboration, space-air-ground-air collaboration, vehicle-road-cloud collaboration and end-edge-cloud collaboration. Finally, this paper provides prospects on the future development of relevant fields from the perspectives of the micro, meso, and macro levels.