Comparative anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and chromatographic screening of bioactive compounds in selected medicinal plants: extraction system effects

Adiantum incisum, Alternanthera pungens and Trichodesma indicum are well-known for usage in traditional folklore medicine. Therapeutic variability was assessed by In vitro and In vivo anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory capacities. Higher yield (p<0.05) was observed for macerated samples (A. pungens 20.3% and T. indicum 54.9%) as compared to their decoction analogues (11.8% and 36.2%) with non-significant (p>0.05) yield in A. incisum. Macerated samples of extracts showed effective potencies with highest alpha-amylase inhibition (IC50 101.02 mu g/ml) and In vitro anti-inflammatory capacity (IC5075.89 mu g/ml) revealed by A. pungens. Pearson's correlation showed a positive association between various phenolic compounds and bioactivities. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity (22% inhibition compared to 31% by indomethacin) was shown by macerated A. pungens. Bioactive constituents and polyphenols in plant extracts were characterized by Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. GC-MS identified eleven different bioactive compounds in macerated samples of A. pungens and twelve in decocted sample of A. incisum. HPLC quantified significant (p<0.05) amount of caffeic acid (26.30 mu g/mg), catechins (898.3 mu g/mg), rutin (2193.92 mu g/mg), kaempferol (4678.1 mu g/mg), gallic acid (327.04 mu g/mg) and quercetin (8700 mu g/mg) in macerated samples of A. pungens with significant quantity in decocted extract of A. incisum. Significant correlation (p<0.05) between the extraction type, phytoconstituents and their bioactivities is observed with the bioactive strength of decocted or macerated extract guided by the selection of plant choice.