The health risks of citizens due to PM_2.5 exposure in Ha Noi, Vietnam

A cancerous and non-cancerous risk assessment for PM2.5 exposure is essential, especially in developing children. PM2.5 was determined in concentrations in the Hanoi area both inside and outside the house according to 2019 data before the Covid epidemic, and the health impact assessment was performed for each subject according to the US. Research has also shown that the distribution of indoor PM2.5 concentration data in Hanoi has been determined according to the Weibull with a shape parameter is 8,695 and a scale parameter is 3,695. The average daily indoor PM2.5 concentration at four houses was higher than 20 μg/m3 higher than the warning of WHO guidelines. However, the average concentration on some days exceeded the threshold of Vietnam’s standard. Meanwhile at K3, due to its location in the old town, the PM2.5 concentration is quite stable during the day and at a higher level than in other locations. Therefore, the effect of PM pollution in city houses is necessary for concern, monitoring and solving. This problem is not only present in Vietnam, this is the same in other countries such as some other research. So need to have guidelines when building new houses and inform citizens.