Towards data-informed co-design in digital fabrication

Industry 4.0 has the potential to revolutionise design-to-fabrication processes in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. However, early adoption of Industry 4.0 technology has led to challenges related to data consistency, interoperability, and collaboration among stakeholders. To address these challenges of interoperability and standardisation, this paper introduces a digital thread-based framework for integrating Industry 4.0 concepts into design-to-fabrication processes. At the framework's core are digital threads, which connect physical assets with their digital twin models, communication networks, and decision algorithms. More specifically, the framework comprises a modular and scalable fabrication data schema combined with a comprehensive services software architecture that leverages fabrication design, management, and control tools. The framework was evaluated through a large-scale case study, the livMats Biomimetic Shell. The case study results demonstrate an improvement in collaboration and communication among stakeholders, reduction of errors in the robotic fabrication process and increased efficiency throughout the design-to-fabrication process. By embracing and implementing the digital thread concept, this research showcases the benefits of data-driven decision-making within the construction sector.