Optimal probabilistic distillation of quantum coherence

Coherence distillation is a central topic of the resource theory of coherence and various coherence distillation protocols were proposed. In this paper, we investigate the optimal probabilistic coherence distillation protocol, whose aim is to transform a coherent state into a set of $n$-level maximally coherent states by using strictly incoherent operations. Specifically, we accomplish this protocol by presenting an analytical expression for the maximal average distillable coherence for a general state and constructing the corresponding operation achieving this bound. Our protocol is a universal protocol since it can be applied to any coherence measure.