Genetic Testing

In modern medicine, new concepts and technologies, such as personalized medicine, have been introduced, improving the prevention and/or therapeutic approach of an individual. Undoubtedly, personalized medicine interventions have become a valuable tool for public health, and for this reason the majority of the scientific community as a whole and pharmaceutical companies are focusing on the continuous development of new genetic tests and the improvement of existing technologies. In recent years, molecular genetic testing is gradually being integrated into everyday clinical practice offering a wide range of benefits and services. Despite their widespread use, end users still have a poor knowledge of their use, as well as about their potentials and limitations, and also regarding the results’ interpretation. Moreover, the use of genetic tests is not possible in some cases due to the high costs and on the other hand due to the failure of insurance companies to provide an allowance. This chapter provides an overview of the main types of genetic tests, their advantages and limitations, and their usefulness in personalized medicine and in clinical practice and disease diagnosis.