Comparison of metabolic differences between two geometrical isomers based on multi-omics strategy

2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside is the main compound of Polygonum multiflorum. There are two geometrical isomers of 2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside. Several studies have shown that cis-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside may be the risk compound of hepatotoxicity in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and there are few comprehensive comparisons on the different impacts of cis-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside and trans-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside about metabolic characteristics. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the metabolomics and lipidomics studies of the differences in metabolic characteristics of cis-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside and trans-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside. The results showed that trans-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside and cis-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside significantly affected 47 metabolites. The main interfering pathways included alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid (LA) metabolism, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. According to the transcriptomics study, the altered genes were mainly enriched in LA metabolism, AA metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. Two genes (Runx3 and Scd1) were mainly involved in the cell cycle and fatty acid metabolism in the cis-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside group, and one enzyme (Phospholipase B1) was related to alpha-linolenic acid, LA metabolism and AA metabolism in the trans-2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside group. These would provide useful information for further investigation on therapeutic and hepatotoxic mechanisms of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.