Combined Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides with Plasmon-Activated Water Affect IFN-/TNF- Induced Inflammation in Caco-2 Cells

The effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and plasmon-activated water (PAW) against IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha induced inflammation in human colon Caco-2 cells were investigated. Cells were divided into the control, induction, LBP treatment (100-500 mu g/mL), and combination groups with PAW. Inflammation was induced 24 h with 10 ng/mL IFN-gamma when cell confluency reached >90%, and various doses of LBP with or without PAW were treated for 3 h, and subsequently 50 ng/mL TNF-alpha was added for another 24 h to provoke inflammation. Combination of LBP with PAW significantly decreased the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase expression was attenuated in all LBP-treated groups with or without PAW. NLRP3 inflammasome and related protein PYCARD expression were inhibited by LBP at the highest dose (500 mu g/mL). All doses of LBP alone significantly decreased p-ERK expression, but combination with PAW increased p-ERK expression compared to those without PAW. Additionally, 250 and 500 mu g/mL of LBP with or without PAW inhibited procaspase-3/caspase-3 expression. Therefore, LBP possesses anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein. The combination with PAW exerts additive or synergistic effect on anti-inflammation.