Hygiene and Sanitation Monitoring of Refillable Drinking Water Depots in Jembrana District, Indonesia

Abstract Refillable drinking water has become an option to meet the hydration needs of the community, especially in Jembrana District, Bali. However, comprehensive monitoring of hygiene and sanitation has yet to be reported. This study aims to identify, evaluate, and describe the quality of hygiene and sanitation at the refillable drinking water depot in Jembrana District. The mixed-methods research design was used to monitor the hygiene and sanitation of 46 DAMIU in Jembrana District. Environmental inspections are conducted in the field, and water samples are taken for bacteriological analysis. All results are presented descriptively. The results showed that 82.60% had met the requirements to be free from coliform contamination, and 86.96% had met the requirements to be free of E. coli in the resulting refill water. A total of 17.40% coliforms were contaminated, and 13.04% E. coli were contaminated. Overall, improved monitoring of the hygienic characteristics of handlers, sanitary characteristics, and completeness of equipment should be applied, especially in replacing microfilter tubes, disinfecting equipment in the service life, and using tiered microfilters. A letter of guarantee for raw water management and water supply must be available. Hence, the hygiene and sanitation of refillable drinking water in Jembrana must be monitored according to established standards.