Realization of Graphene-based Quantum Hall Resistance Standard

Abstract Quantum Hall Resistance (QHR) standard replaced the physical resistance standard as a primary standard. Traditional QHR standard needs liquid helium to operate, which limits the application of the QHR standard. A graphene-based QHR standard with G-M cryocooler is realized, which does not need liquid helium and has been in operation continuously with high performance. It can meet extensive needs of accurate measurement of precision resistors and helps to promote the development of traceability flattening.