Kinetics and Mapping of Ca-driven Calmodulin conformations on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Ryanodine Receptors

ABSTRACT Calmodulin (CaM) transduces [Ca 2+ ] information regulating the rhythmic Ca 2+ cycling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm during relaxation and contraction in cardiac and skeletal muscle. However, the structural dynamics by which CaM modulates the SR Ca 2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR) at physiologically relevant [Ca 2+ ] is unknown. Using fluorescence lifetime detection of FRET between RyR-bound FKBP and CaM, we resolved different structural states of CaM and Ca-driven shifts in the conformation of CaM bound to RyR. We found that CaM becomes more compact in contracting high-Ca 2+ vs. relaxing low-Ca 2+ . Skeletal and cardiac RyR isoforms show different CaM-RyR conformations, and binding and structural kinetics reflect functional roles. Furthermore, our FRET methods provide insight representative of physiological CaM-RyR structure, in synergy and comparison with cryo-EM models, which result from more disrupted samples. This technology will drive future studies focusing on pathologic CaM-RyR interactions, and on RyR dynamics with other important modulators.