Enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of nickel and nickel-phosphorous coatings fabricated by electrodeposition embedding with TiB₂ ceramic particles

Abstract Pure nickel (Ni), TiB2 reinforced nickel (Ni-TiB2), nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), and TiB2 reinforced nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P-TiB2) composite coatings were deposited on AISI-1045 steel substrates from Watts bath and phosphorous-containing solution, respectively. The composition and microstructure of these coatings were analyzed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The properties of these coatings, including hardness, were assessed and compared. The electrochemical performance of these coatings was investigated in a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution using electrochemical spectroscopy (EIS) and the potentiodynamic polarization technique at room temperature. The effect of TiB2 on the microstructure, phase, and properties of the coatings was investigated. The results indicate that the incorporation of TiB2 particles in the nickel matrix greatly increased the hardness and anti-corrosion properties of the nickel coatings by refining of the microstructure and reducing the defects. The enhancement effect of TiB2 on Ni-P coating is not as significant as that of TiB2 on nickel coating. However, with the incorporation of TiB2 ceramic particles, the corrosion resistance and hardness of the Ni-P-TiB2 coating increased by about 50% and 10%, respectively, compared with the original Ni-P coating. The present study provides insight into the potential applications of novel TiB2 ceramic particle-reinforced nickel composite coatings in the areas of wear and corrosion resistance.