Exploring the Potential of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil as a Pharm-Food to Prevent Ocular Hypertension and Fibrotic Events in the Retina of Hypertensive Mice

ScopeOur laboratory has previously described the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of a wild olive (acebuche, ACE) oil against hypertension-associated vascular retinopathies. The current study aims to analyze the antifibrotic effect of ACE oil on the retina of hypertensive mice.Methods and resultsMice are rendered hypertensive by administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) and simultaneously subjected to dietary supplementation with ACE oil or a reference extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Intraocular pressure (IOP) is measured by rebound tonometry, and retinal vasculature/layers are analyzed by fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. Different fibrosis-related parameters are analyzed in the retina and choroid of normotensive and hypertensive mice with or without oil supplementation. Besides preventing the alterations found in hypertensive animals, including increased IOP, reduced fluorescein signal, and altered retinal layer thickness, the ACE oil-enriched diet improves collagen metabolism by regulating the expression of major fibrotic process modulators (matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta family).ConclusionRegular consumption of EVOO and ACE oil (with better outcomes in the latter) might help reduce abnormally high IOP values in the context of hypertension-related retinal damage, with significant reduction in the surrounding fibrotic process. A) Experimental groups. B) Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and retinal image analysis. C) Histology experiments. D) Molecular techniques. E) Results and conclusions. ACE: acebuche oil; CD31: endothelial cell marker; COL: collagen; CTGF: connective tissue growth factor; EVOO: extra virgin olive oil; L-NAME or LN: NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; TGF beta(-R): transforming growth factor beta (receptor). image