Complications after opportunistic salpingectomy compared with tubal ligation at cesarean section: a retrospective cohort study

Objective: To compare perioperative and postoperative complications in patients who underwent opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) (removal of the fallopian tubes for ovarian cancer risk reduction during another surgery) at the time of cesarean section (C -section) with those in patients who underwent tubal ligation. Design: A population -based, retrospective cohort study. Setting: British Columbia, Canada. Patient(s): A total of 18,184 patients were included in this study, of whom 8,440 and 9,744 underwent OS and tubal ligation, respectively. Intervention(s): Patients who underwent OS during a C -section were compared with those who underwent tubal ligation during a C -section. Main Outcome Measure(s): We examined the perioperative outcomes, including operating room time, length of hospital stay, surgical complications such as infections, anemia, incision complications, injury to a pelvic organ, or operating room return; postoperative complications, including physician visits for a postoperative infection or visits that resulted in ultrasound or laboratory examinations and hospital readmissions in the 6 weeks after discharge; and likelihood to fill a prescription for antibiotics or analgesics. Result(s): The OS group had decreased odds of perioperative complications compared with the tubal ligation group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.99). Patients who underwent OS did not have increased risks of physician visits for surgical complications, such as infection, or hospital readmissions in the 6 weeks after hospital discharge. In addition, these patients had 18% and 23% increased odds of filling prescriptions for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.28) and opioids (aOR, 1.23%; 95% CI, 1.12-1.35), respectively. Conclusion(s): In this population -based, real -world study of OS at C -section, we report decreased perioperative complications and no difference in postoperative complications between patients who underwent OS and those who underwent tubal ligation. Patients who underwent OS had an increased likelihood of filling a prescription for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids in the 6 weeks after hospital discharge. This result should be interpreted with caution because we did not have data on over-the-counter medication use and, thus, not all prescription analgesics were captured in our data. Our data suggest that OS after C -section is a safe way to provide effective contraception and ovarian cancer risk reduction. (Fertil Sterile 2024;121:531-9. (c) 2023 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) El resumen esta disponible en Espanol al final del articulo.