Site evaluation of subsea tunnels with sightseeing function based on dynamic complex MARCOS method

Subsea tunnels with sightseeing function (STSF) are valuable for integrating transportation across different locations, particularly in cross-sea regions. Given their technical complexity, significant capital commitment, and substantial social impact, site evaluation of STSF has become a critical priority. In this study, a dynamic complex measurement alternative and ranking according to the compromise solution (MARCOS) framework is proposed for STSF site evaluation in a Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy environment. A novel score function for a Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy set is defined to handle an incomparable problem. Moreover, a growth coefficient matrix is constructed to reflect the internal development potential of decision objects, considering changes in expert and criteria weights during the dynamic decision-making process. An STSF evaluation system is designed to satisfy stability, sociality, and economic developments. An empirical study is conducted in Zhejiang Province, China, to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed evaluation framework by comparing its results with other methods.