Effects of paper pouches of different light transmittance on the phenolic synthesis and related gene expression in peach fruit

Bagging is a vital cultivation measure for producing high-quality peach fruit, which affects the appearance and internal quality of the fruit by mainly intervening in its exposure to light. However, it is not entirely clear whether bagging affects the content of phenolic compounds or which compounds are most sensitive to bagging treatment, and the regulatory role of bagging on phenolic synthetic-related genes is also unknown. In this experiment, four peach cultivars, 'BJ', 'XH', 'RG', and 'HYT', were bagged with four different types of bags at 50 days after full bloom, with no bag as control, and all fruits were harvested at the commercial maturation stage. The study found that bagged fruits had higher L*, b*, and h degrees values but lower a* and C* values than non-bagged fruits. Different cultivars and different phenolics exhibited different sensitivities to bagging treatments. Light intensity not only played a decisive role in the accumulation of anthocyanins in peach fruit but also had a strong and widespread impact on other phenolic substances. Overall, light not onlly significantly promoted the accumulation of cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, epicatechin, and rutin but also increased the accumulation of catechin, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid to some extent, while shading by bagging inhibited the accumulation of these phenolics. Correspondingly, high light induced the upregulation of most structural genes and transcription factors, including PpPAL1, PpC3H1, PpC3H2, PpDFR, PpLDOX, PpUFGT, and PpMYB10.1, while low light inhibited the expression of these genes in the four varieties. In addition, PpHY5 homolog PpHYH was induced by high light, which might participate in the biosynthesis of the light-regulated phenolic in peach fruit. This study lays the foundation for further analysis of the regulation mechanism of light on the synthesis of phenolic compounds in peach fruit.