Recent development of quantum dots@metal-organic framework composites as potential chemical and biological luminescence nanosensors

Fluorescence-based sensors have gained considerable attention in the chemical and biological fields, owing to their numerous advantages, including high sensitivity and selectivity, ease of operation, wide linear detection range, and rapid analysis. While various types of quantum dots (QDs) with remarkable optical properties have been extensively explored as emerging fluorescence sensing materials, persistent efforts are dedicated to enhancing QD dispersibility and stability. To address this challenge, the concept of encapsulating QDs within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been introduced and advanced. MOFs, a subclass of porous coordination material with excellent features like high porosity, large specific surface areas, and chemically tunable pore surface, enable the fabrication of QD@MOF nanocomposites with improved stability and enhanced chemical and biological sensing in terms of sensitivity and response range. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments involving QD@MOF materials, encompassing various luminescence origins, current synthesis methodologies, and the evolving advancements of these nanocomposites in the context of chemical and biological sensing. The review places specific emphasis on receptor and response types, as well as the underlying detection mechanisms, offering valuable insights into the effective design of QD@MOF as a fluorescent sensor. Finally, the paper outlines the challenges and future prospects in this burgeoning research area.