Unveiling the Surge: Exploring Elevated Air Pollution Amidst the COVID-19 Era (2019–2020) through Spatial Dynamics and Temporal Analysis in Delhi

This comprehensive study delves into the complex issue of air pollution in Delhi, with a specific focus on the levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 during 2019 and 2020 across all four seasons. By analyzing primary data and employing advanced GIS techniques, the research not only quantifies pollution levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic but also identifies high-risk areas and establishes a clear link between pollution and public health. The study reveals that 2019 witnessed more severe pollution levels compared to 2020, with PM2.5 and PM10 consistently exceeding WHO guidelines. Notably, PM10 levels breached Air Quality Index (AQI) standards, particularly during the winter season when it peaked at 67.99 µg/m3 and increased post-monsoon due to crop burning. Surprisingly, summer 2019 exhibited PM2.5 levels surpassing those of winter, underscoring the impact of reduced vehicle emissions during the summer months, while winter pollution levels remained relatively stable. The COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 led to a substantial reduction in summer AQI by up to 58.00