A study on the correlation of placental anastomosis and superficial vascular branches of selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic diamniotic twins

Introduction The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between placental anastomosis and superficial vascular branches in selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) in monochorionic diamniotic twins. Materials and methods This was a retrospective analysis of the pregnancy data and placental perfusion of 395 patients with monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies delivered at our hospital from April 2013 to April 2020. We divided the patients into two groups and compared the number of placental superficial vascular branches in sFGR twins and normal MCDA twins. The correlation between the placental anastomosis and the number of superficial vascular branches in sFGR and normal MCDA twins was also investigated. Results The number of umbilical arterial branches and umbilical venous branches was less than larger twins in sFGR, larger twins in normal MCDA and smaller twins in normal MCDA. (11.83 [4–44], 21.82 [7–50], 19.72 [3–38], 14.85 [0–31], p < 0.001, 6.08 [1–18], 9.60 [3–22], 9.96 [2–22], 8.38 [1–20], p < 0.00) For smaller twins in the sFGR group, the number of umbilical venous branches was positively associated with AA anastomosis overall diameter, AV anastomosis overall diameter and all anastomosis overall diameter. ( r = 0.194, 0.182 and 0.211, p < 0.05) Conclusions The risk of sFGR may arise when the placenta from MCDA twins shows a poor branching condition of placental superficial vessels. For the smaller twin of sFGR, regular ultrasound examination of the number of the umbilical venous branches may help to predict artery-to-artery (AA) overall diameter, artery‐to‐vein (AV) overall diameter and all anastomosis overall diameter.