Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm and Its Optimization Application in a Low-Profile Metasurface Antenna

An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) is proposed in this paper to solve the optimization issue in a low-profile metasurface antenna. In order to reduce blind calculations when updating parameters, electromagnetic theory is used to determine the initial position of particles and guide them to move purposefully. It also uses an exploratory method to reduce the impact of deviation between theoretical predictions and actual simulations simultaneously. A metasurface dipole antenna with low-profile feature is selected as an experimental example. Optimized structural parameters of the metasurface antenna can be obtained by the proposed IPSO in a Python-HFSS joint simulation scheme. Numerical results show that the convergence speed of the proposed IPSO is increased by nearly 2.4 times than PSO.