Hybrid Genetic Programming-Based Comparative Design of Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers Using Graphene, Resistive Sheets, and Carbon Fiber

Hybrid genetic programming (HGP) is proposed to create new design topologies in the lower gigahertz frequency with new materials such as graphene, resistive sheet, and carbon fiber. HGP can create new topologies optimized per input parameters, such as low frequency and high broadband absorptivity. These designs are built and simulated in Ansys High-Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS) and evaluated by HGP. Graphene, resistive sheet, and carbon fiber patterning are explored and implemented with HGP to create low-gigahertz frequency and high-absorptivity MMAs. The graphene, resistive sheet, and carbon fiber-based patterned designs achieved 80% bandwidth above 80% absorptivity from 4.6 to 11 GHz, up to 15 GHz, from 3.83 to 9.13 GHz, and from 3.77 to 10.28 GHz, respectively.