Spatially-Coded Fourier Ptychography: Flexible and Detachable Coded Thin Films for Quantitative Phase Imaging with Uniform Phase Transfer Characteristics

Fourier ptychography (FP) is an enabling imaging technique that produces high-resolution complex-valued images with extended field coverages. However, when FP images a phase object with any specific spatial frequency, the captured images contain only constant values, rendering the recovery of the corresponding linear phase ramp impossible. This challenge is not unique to FP but also affects other common microscopy techniques - a rather counterintuitive outcome given their widespread use in phase imaging. The underlying issue originates from the non-uniform phase transfer characteristic inherent in microscope systems, which impedes the conversion of object wavefields into discernible intensity variations. To address this challenge, spatially-coded Fourier ptychography (scFP) is presented for true quantitative phase imaging. In scFP, a flexible and detachable coded thin film is attached atop the image sensor in a regular FP setup. The spatial modulation of this thin film ensures a uniform phase response across the entire synthetic bandwidth. It improves reconstruction quality, corrects refractive index underestimation issues prevalent in conventional FP, and adds a new dimension of measurement diversity in spatial domain. The development of scFP is expected to catalyze new research directions and applications for phase imaging, emphasizing the need for true quantitative accuracy with uniform frequency response. Spatially-coded Fourier ptychography (scFP) transforms quantitative phase imaging by integrating a coded thin film with traditional microscopy. The spatial modulation of this thin film ensures a uniform phase response. The flexible and detachable nature allows for easy adaptation to different lens-based or lensless microscope systems, establishing it as a versatile tool for a wide range of imaging settings. image