Optimal Charging Network Operation to Provide Responsive Reserve Considering Electricity and Carbon Markets

The continuous deployment of renewable energy sources requires dispatch power load flexibly to balance the power system continuously. The large-scale application of electric vehicles presents an opportunity for power grid flexibility. In this paper, we consider a charging network operator providing responsive reserve considering electricity and carbon markets. We model this scenario as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, which aims to maximize revenue containing incentive subsidies and charging profits. The numerical case study shows that the charging network operator preferentially meets the contract demand in the reserve market if the incentive subsidy is more profitable than charging EVs. Meanwhile, the LMPs play a significant role in affecting the charging operator decisions.