On the Road to the Development of Noninvasive Highly Sensitive Electromagnetic Bio-Sensor for Bone Crack Detection

This work presents a novel microwave technique to diagnose abnormalities in the human tibia by utilizing noninvasive electromagnetic sensor. This technique utilizes a planar substrate integrated waveguide-based circular cavity resonator loaded with modified interdigital capacitive slot to probe the surface of a tibial bone. In the absence of a crack, the bone is seen as a relatively high impedance load. However, in the presence of a crack, higher order modes are generated which in turn change the reflection/transmission properties at the radiating aperture. The experimental and theoretical foundations of this technique are well validated, along with substantial analysis. It is shown that cracks having dimension of millimeters (mms), are also easily detected at around 4.35 GHz or even lower frequencies. The proposed idea of noninvasive detection of crack in human tibia benefits the patient to get fast recovery in small interval of time and also enables to overcome the health risk with other diagnostics techniques using ionizing radiation.