Design of 2-Bit Coding Element and Programmable Array Antenna for Dynamic Beam Scanning

This paper proposes a 2-bit reflection-type reconfigurable antenna element. Two PIN diodes are integrated into each element to realize four different phases. The precise 2-bit phase resolution is achieved by changing the working states of the integrated diodes. The designed 2-bit reconfigurable element exhibits excellent performance with low reflection loss in all four different states, ensuring good reflection efficiency. Based on the designed element, a programmable array antenna with 16×16 elements is modeled to achieve dynamic beam scanning in the range of 45° with the step of 5°. All the beams can be exactly steered to the preset angles, and the scanning gain loss is only about 0.9dB within the beam scanning range.