Comparative study of two bioactive dental materials

Objectives: New bioactive materials were introduced to not only restore the lost dental hard tissue but also to release fluoride that inhibits demineralization and occurrence of secondary caries. The current study thus aims to assess Fluoride release as well as the mechanical and physical properties of two new commercially available bioactive restorative materials. Methods: Two materials, Cention (R) Forte (CF) (Ivoclar Vivadent), Surefil oneTM (SO) (Denstply Sirona), were evaluated in terms of fracture toughness (FT), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM) (ISO 4049), compressive strength (CS), and Vickers hardness (VH). In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed, as well as pH measurements and quantification of Fluoride release after immersion in distilled water at times of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. The sealing ability was evaluated using silver nitrate dye penetration on natural teeth. Finally, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was used to investigate the surface composition of the two studied material surfaces. The data were statistically analyzed using Independent T-Tests; the chosen significance level was alpha = 0.05. Results: CF had significantly higher FT values compared to SO (p = 0.001). Also the FS results showed that CF had significantly higher values (90.11 MPa), followed by SO (22.15 MPa). The CS values showed the same order with significantly higher values for CF (231.79 MPa). While the FM and VH showed the reverse order with SO having significantly higher values than CF. pH measurements showed that CF evolved towards significantly higher pH values after 3 weeks in distilled water, while thermal properties showed more stability and higher resistance to degradation for CF compared to SO. The silver nitrate penetration results showed significantly better sealing ability for CF compared to the self-adhesive SO. Finally, EDX surface analysis results were consistent with the release profiles and confirmed the composition of the two tested materials. Significance: Both materials, demonstrated enhanced Fluoride release ability, and hence good remineralisation potential in vitro that could prevent recurrent carious lesions in vivo. The composition based on acrylic polymerization showed better mechanical resistance to bending and fracture, and higher sealing ability than those based on acid base reaction.