Ground Vibration Response to Vibratory Sheet Pile Driving and Extraction

Sheet piles are extensively used as foundation structures in urban environments. However, the vibrations associated with sheet pile construction can potentially adversely affect existing buildings, as well as cause discomfort to nearby residents. This study aims to analyze ground vibration response during the driving and extraction of sheet piles. To this end, field tests of U-shaped sheet piles were conducted in Beijing silty clay, during which ground vibrations in the near-field were monitored. Subsequently, a numerical model was developed using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method to simulate the pile-soil interaction characteristics and to investigate ground vibration intensity in the far-field. The research results indicate that the ground vibration response modes during the driving and extraction of sheet piles are distinctly different. Due to the entry effect, the critical depth during pile driving typically occurs in shallow soil layers, while during pile extraction, the critical depth generally corresponds to the pile's embedded depth to overcome the soil locking effect. Ground vibrations rapidly decrease in the near-field (<6 m), while in the far-field (>6 m), the attenuation rate significantly slows down. Vibrations can be widely perceived by residents at radial distances of less than 12 m. Through a systematic assessment, it was concluded that sheet pile construction is unlikely to directly damage surrounding buildings but may inconvenience nearby residents. Additionally, a parametric analysis of the vibration source revealed that appropriately adjusting the driving frequency and amplitude can effectively reduce vibration levels.