PathDIP 5: improving coverage and making enrichment analysis more biologically meaningful

Pathway Data Integration Portal (PathDIP) is an integrated pathway database that was developed to increase functional gene annotation coverage and reduce bias in pathway enrichment analysis. PathDIP 5 provides multiple improvements to enable more interpretable analysis: users can perform enrichment analysis using all sources, separate sources or by combining specific pathway subsets; they can select the types of sources to use or the types of pathways for the analysis, reducing the number of resulting generic pathways or pathways not related to users' research question; users can use API. All pathways have been mapped to seven representative types. The results of pathway enrichment can be summarized through knowledge-based pathway consolidation. All curated pathways were mapped to 53 pathway ontology-based categories. In addition to genes, pathDIP 5 now includes metabolites. We updated existing databases, included two new sources, PathBank and MetabolicAtlas, and removed outdated databases. We enable users to analyse their results using Drugst.One, where a drug-gene network is created using only the user's genes in a specific pathway. Interpreting the results of any analysis is now improved by multiple charts on all the results pages. PathDIP 5 is freely available at https://ophid.utoronto.ca/pathDIP. Graphical Abstract