Improvement of image quality in diffusion-weighted imaging with model-based deep learning reconstruction for evaluations of the head and neck

Objectives To investigate the utility of deep learning (DL)-based image reconstruction using a model-based approach in head and neck diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 41 patients who underwent head/neck DWI. The DWI in 25 patients demonstrated an untreated lesion. We performed qualitative and quantitative assessments in the DWI analyses with both deep learning (DL)- and conventional parallel imaging (PI)-based reconstructions. For the qualitative assessment, we visually evaluated the overall image quality, soft tissue conspicuity, degree of artifact(s), and lesion conspicuity based on a five-point system. In the quantitative assessment, we measured the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the bilateral parotid glands, submandibular gland, the posterior muscle, and the lesion. We then calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the lesion and the adjacent muscle. Results Significant differences were observed in the qualitative analysis between the DWI with PI-based and DL-based reconstructions for all of the evaluation items ( p < 0.001). In the quantitative analysis, significant differences in the SNR and CNR between the DWI with PI-based and DL-based reconstructions were observed for all of the evaluation items ( p = 0.002 ~ p < 0.001). Discussion DL-based image reconstruction with the model-based technique effectively provided sufficient image quality in head/neck DWI.