Altered Large-Scale Resting-State Functional Network Connectivity in Convergence Insufficiency Young Adults Compared With Binocularly Normal Controls

PURPOSE. To investigate the underlying resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) compared with binocularly normal controls (BNC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under The Convergence Insufficiency Neuro-mechanism Adult Population Study (NCT03593031). METHODS. A total of 101 participants were eligible for this study. After removing datasets with motion artifacts, 49 CI and 47 BNC resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets were analyzed. CI was diagnosed with the following signs: (1) receded near point of convergence of 6 cm or greater, (2) decreased positive fusional vergence of less than 15 Delta or failing Sheard's criteria of twice the near phoria, (3) near phoria of at least 4 Delta more exophoric compared with the distance phoria, and (4) symptoms using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (score of >= 21). RSFC was assessed using a group-level independent components analysis and dual regression. A behavioral correlation analysis using linear regression method was performed between clinical measures and RSFC using the significant difference between the CI and BNC. RESULTS. On average, a decreased RSFC was observed within the frontoparietal network, default mode network and visual network in patients with CI, compared with the participants with BNC (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). The default mode network RSFC strength was significantly correlated with the PFV, near point of convergence, and difference between the horizontal phoria at near compared with far (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Results support altered RSFC in patients with CI compared with participants with BNC and suggest that these differences in underlying neurophysiology may in part be in connection with the differences in optometric visual function used to diagnose CI.