Optimizing ergonomics during open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted surgery: A review of surgical ergonomics literature and development of educational illustrations

•Lack of ergonomics training likely plays a role in the high rates of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons.•Proper intraoperative ergonomics includes posture, operating room set-up, selection and use of surgical instruments and adjuncts.•Illustrations of good and bad intraoperative ergonomics can be used in education.