Nationwide Analysis of Locoregional Management for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Males: An NCDB Analysis of the Surgical Approach to DCIS in Males

Background Limited data exist regarding the optimal locoregional approach for males with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This study examined trends in management and survival for males with DCIS. Methods The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for males with a diagnosis of DCIS from 2006 to 2017. Patients were categorized by locoregional management. Continuous variables were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and categorical variables by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate for predictors of patients receiving partial mastectomy (PM) with radiation. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier. Results Between 2006 and 2017, 711 males with DCIS were identified. Most received mastectomy alone (57.1%). No change was observed in management approach from 2006 to 2017. Patients who underwent mastectomy alone were mostly hormone-positive (95.9% were estrogen-positive, 90.9% were progesterone-positive), although this cohort was least likely to receive hormone therapy (17.2%). Among those who underwent PM with radiation, only 61% of those who were hormone-positive received hormone therapy. Univariable analysis demonstrated that those of black race had lower odds of receiving PM with radiation (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36–0.84), which persisted in the multivariable analysis with control for age and tumor size (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15–0.67). Overall survival did not differ significantly between the four treatment methods ( p = 0.08). Conclusions The management approach to male DCIS did not change from 2006 to 2017. Survival did not differ between treatment methods. Demographic and clinicopathologic features, including race, may influence locoregional treatments received, and further studies are needed to further understand this.