Linalool, 1,8-Cineole, and Eugenol Transfer from a Curry Dish into Human Urine

ScopeFor most substances, there are several routes of excretion from the human body. This study focuses on urinary excretion of dietary odorants and compares the results with previously obtained results on excretion into milk.Methods and resultsLactating mothers (n = 18) are given a standardized curry dish and donate urine samples before and after the intervention. The odorants 1,8-cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and gamma-nonalactone are quantitatively analyzed. A significant transition of up to 6 mu g g-1 creatinine into urine is observed for linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol. Maximum concentrations are reached 1.5 h after the intervention for 1,8-cineole and eugenol as well as 2.5 h after the intervention for linalool. Comparison with previous results reveals that the excretion pattern of odorants into urine is divergent from the one into milk. In a second intervention study (n = 6), excretion of phase II metabolites into urine is studied using beta-glucuronidase treatment. Linalool and eugenol concentrations are 23 and 77 times higher after treatment than before treatment with beta-glucuronidase, respectively.ConclusionThe study demonstrates transition of linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol from the diet into urine and excretion of glucuronides in the case of linalool, eugenol, and vanillin. Aroma compounds can be metabolized in the human body and are excreted via various ways. Nursing mothers donate urine samples after the consumption of a standardized curry dish. Instrumental analyses show significant transitions of linalool and eugenol as well as their glucuronides into urine. These results complement previous insights in the excretion patterns of flavor compounds in breastfeeding women. image